Sveriges Riksbank, which cut its rate by 15 basis points in February, also said it was ready to extend the purchase of government bonds beyond the second half of 2016 and such a decision could be taken prior to its next monetary policy meeting in December.
Sweden's inflation rate has been rising since 2014, helped by a decline in the exchange rate of the krona, but the Riksbank said this rise was now slowing down, illustrating uncertainty over high quickly inflation will rise towards its 2.0 percent target.
The headline inflation rate in Sweden eased to less-than-expected 0.9 percent in September from 1.1 percent in the previous two months.
"The Riksbank therefore still has a high level of preparedness to make monetary policy even more expansionary if the upward trend in inflation were to be threatened," the bank said.
In its latest monetary policy report, the central bank forecast that the repo rate would average minus 0.6 percent in 2017, implying it may trim the rate even more, down from its previous forecast in September of an unchanged rate of minus 0.5 percent.
For 2018 the Riksbank forecast that the repo rate would rise to an average of minus 0.3 percent, sharply down from its forecast in September of 0.0 percent. For 2019 the rate is seen averaging 0.2 percent.
The Riksbank also lowered its outlook for inflation, with inflation seen averaging 1.0 percent this year, down from a previous forecast of 1.1 percent, before rising to 1.4 percent in 2017, down from its earlier forecast of 1.8 percent.
By 2018 inflation is seen returning to the Riksbank's target and averaging 2.2 percent, down from a previous forecast of 2.6 percent, and then rising further to 2.9 percent in 2019.
Sveriges Riksbank issued the following statement:
"The upturn in the Swedish economy is continuing, but the Riksbank assesses that it will take longer before inflation attains the target of 2 per cent. The upturn in inflation therefore needs continued strong support. The Executive Board assesses that the repo rate needs to be held at −0.50 per cent for six months longer than was forecast in September. The probability that the rate will be cut further has increased. The purchases of government bonds will continue during the second half of 2016, as decided in April. Prior to the monetary policy meeting in December, the Executive Board is prepared to extend the purchases of government bonds.
The international recovery is expected to proceed at a relatively modest rate going forward. Global inflation is expected to rise gradually from a low level, supported by expansionary monetary policy.
In Sweden, the Riksbank's cuts to the repo rate and the purchases of government bonds have had a broad impact and have pushed many rates down. This has contributed to positive development in the Swedish economy with high GDP growth and falling unemployment. Inflation has been rising since 2014 and long-run inflation expectations are back around 2 per cent. However, in recent months inflation has slowed down, which illustrates the uncertainty over how quickly inflation will rise towards the target.
The upturn in inflation needs continued strong support
The Riksbank now assesses that it will take longer for inflation to reach 2 per cent. The upturn in inflation therefore needs continued strong support. The Executive Board assesses that the repo rate needs to be held at the current low level, −0.50 per cent, for six months longer than was assumed in September. The Board does not expect to begin slowly raising the rate again until early 2018. The repo-rate path now also reflects a greater probability that the rate could be cut further. In accordance with previous decision, purchases of nominal and real government bonds will continue so that these amount to SEK 245 billion at the end of 2016. Until further notice, maturities and coupon payments on the holdings in the government bond portfolio will be reinvested. Prior to the monetary policy meeting in December, the Executive Board is also prepared to extend the purchases of government bonds. As the current asset purchase programme will run for the remainder of the year, there is thus opportunity to await further information that can affect the decision to extend the purchases. Examples of such information include the outcomes for inflation in the near term and actions of other central banks.
There are several factors that create uncertainty in the inflation forecast. The Riksbank therefore still has a high level of preparedness to make monetary policy even more expansionary if the upward trend in inflation were to be threatened. This also applies between the ordinary monetary policy meetings. All of the measures that the Riksbank has described earlier can still be used.
Monetary policy needs to be expansionary to safeguard the role of the inflation target as nominal anchor for price-setting and wage formation. But the low interest rate levels also entail risks, such as increased household indebtedness. To achieve long-term sustainable development in the Swedish economy, these risks need to be managed via targeted measures within macroprudential policy, housing policy and fiscal policy.
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPI | 0.0 | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.4 (1.8) | 2.2 (2.6) | 2.9 |
| CPIF | 0.9 | 1.4 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.9 (2.1) | 2.1 |
| GDP | 4.1 | 3.3 (3.2) | 2.0 (2.2) | 2.4 (2.4) | 2.2 |
| Unemployment, ages 15-74, per cent | 7.4 | 6.9 (6.9) | 6.7 (6.7) | 6.7 (6.7) | 6.7 |
| Repo rate, per cent | -0.3 | -0.5 (-0.5) | -0.6 (-0.5) | -0.3 (0.0) | 0.2 |
Note. The assessment in the September 2016 Monetary Policy Report is shown in brackets.
Sources: Statistics Sweden and the Riksbank
| 2016 Q3 | 2016 Q4 | 2017 Q4 | 2018 Q4 | 2019 Q4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Repo rate | -0.50 | -0.50 (-0.52) | -0.56 (-0.32) | −0.15 (0.19) | 0.36 |
Note. The assessment in the September 2016 Monetary Policy Report is shown in brackets.
Source: The Riksbank
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